"I didn't expect that the electricity I generated could be sold to the state." Dong Qiang, a resident of Tianjin Binhai New Area, often looks at the photovoltaic panels installed on his roof and smiles with satisfaction. Photovoltaic panels erected on the roof can not only be used for their own appliances, but also be connected to the Internet for money. This distributed power generation model, known as residential "spontaneous electricity", has been emerging in various places since around 2013. Residents have a high enthusiasm for participation. Through the supply of clean energy, it also helps solve the environmental pollution caused by traditional energy. In the opinion of experts, distributed power generation still has greater potential in targeted poverty alleviation and new energy supply for cities, which needs to be further explored to help build China's ecological civilization.
As technology drives down costs and the "blue sky battle" continues to advance, China is accelerating into the application era of clean energy, including photovoltaic, gas, wind power and other green and low-carbon energy, is also rapidly "entering" ordinary families.
Distributed photovoltaic power generation starts with wind and water
In February 2013, The State Grid issued a policy to "facilitate the access of distributed power projects to the power grid". Since then, "spontaneous electricity" by residents has become the norm in many places. Beijing has so far announced five batches of distributed photovoltaic power generation award list. In the fifth batch alone, there were 2,468 projects, of which 37 were legal persons and 2,431 were natural persons. By the end of June last year, Beijing's distributed photovoltaic projects had a grid-connected capacity of 220,000 kilowatts, generating about 260 million kilowatts of electricity a year, equivalent to the annual electricity consumption of 83,000 households.
As early as 2016, 22,523 residential rooftop pv households were built in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, Quzhou plans to complete the construction of more than 160,000 rural rooftop photovoltaics, with an installed capacity of 480,000 kW.
Dong Qiang is the first citizen in Tianjin to apply for the grid-connected business of distributed power supply, and is quite famous in the community. He installed a 3-kilowatt photovoltaic unit and a 1.5 kilowatt wind unit on the roof of his villa. Compared with the instability of wind power, photovoltaic power has delivered a satisfactory answer. Since the grid connection in June 2013, the annual electricity output of photovoltaic power generation equipment is basically 3,400 KWH, of which about 60% is for self-use and the rest is sold through the grid.
"The government gives a subsidy of 0.42 yuan/KWH. If we calculate the electricity price of 0.79 yuan/KWH for the third-grade electricity that my family usually uses, we will get 1.21 yuan for each kilowatt of electricity generated." Dong qiang said that considering the floating price of 0.39 yuan to 0.4 yuan per kilowatt hour, Dong Qiang's annual comprehensive income exceeded 3,400 yuan.
Zhang Jian, a staff member of the State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Marketing Department, said that as of February this year, 1,823 distributed power projects, 177,400 kw, have been connected to the grid, all of which are distributed photovoltaic power generation. Among them, there are 1717 individual events, accounting for 94.19%, taking an absolute advantage in terms of quantity. In terms of grid-connected power generation, the total grid-connected power generation of individual projects reached 9.317,100 KWH, accounting for 18% of all projects.
Statistics show that by the end of 2017, China had 29.66 million kw of installed distributed photovoltaic power generation capacity. At a recent seminar on China's distributed energy development held in Beijing, Huang Bibin, director of the New Energy Statistics and Research Institute of the State Grid Energy Research Institute, predicted that by 2020, the installed scale of distributed power is expected to exceed 160 million kilowatts, nearly 10 percent of the country's total installed power generation capacity.
Experts believe that the price of industrial electricity is generally more than 1 yuan/KWH, and assembling distributed power generation on the roofs of large factories and leisure Spaces in cities is more economical and maneuverable than residents' "spontaneous electricity", and cost recovery is also faster.
Photovoltaic industry accelerates into the era of "affordable Internet access"
According to the latest data released by the National Energy Administration, China's newly installed photovoltaic power generation has topped the world for five consecutive years, and its cumulative installed capacity has topped the world for three consecutive years.
At present, the photovoltaic industry is accelerating into the era of "affordable Internet access". Prior to June 1, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the National Energy Administration jointly issued the "photovoltaic New Deal" : suspension of ordinary ground power station indicators, distributed photovoltaic scale is limited, reduce the price of electricity...... Although the industry may bring reshuffle, but many experts believe that the final will undoubtedly promote the healthy development of the photovoltaic industry.
"The starting point of the policy is three: the photovoltaic subsidy funding gap is too large, forcing the acceleration of affordable Internet access, and the industry to further integrate and eliminate backward production capacity." Ubs securities analysts believe.
At present, China's photovoltaic power generation adopts the method of "benchmark electricity price + fiscal subsidy", and the subsidy funds come from the price of renewable energy additional. With the rapid increase of photovoltaic installed capacity, the accumulated funding gap is expanding. According to data, by the end of 2017, the subsidy gap of renewable energy has reached 100 billion yuan.
As a matter of fact, with the repeated technological innovation of the domestic photovoltaic industry, insiders revealed that photovoltaic power generation in western China has gradually been able to achieve affordable Internet access. For example, GCL New Energy won the bid for the Qinghai Delingha Photovoltaic power application Pioneer project. The on-grid electricity price of this project is 0.32 yuan per KWH, which is lower than the price of thermal power.
"Technological advances have reduced the cost of photovoltaic power generation at an unexpected rate: from 2007 to 2017, the cumulative cost of photovoltaic power generation fell by about 90 percent." Li Chuangjun, deputy director of the New and renewable Energy Department of the National Energy Administration.
In the 12th (2018) international solar energy photovoltaic (pv) and intelligence (Shanghai) on the BBS, golden concord also announced the independent innovation of compound nanometer high efficient battery technology will soon come out, through the stacking technology, photoelectric conversion efficiency is expected to be from the current 20% to 30% above, further promote the photovoltaic power generation costs have fallen sharply, to get rid of the dependence on subsidies, Go to Pratt & Whitney Energy.
The use of clean energy was accelerated
Zhu Gongshan, chairman of the Global Solar Council and Asia Photovoltaic Industry Association, predicted that solar and other clean energy costs will be lower than thermal power grid costs in some regions after 2020, and photovoltaic power grid costs will be realized nationwide after 2021.
"So in this environment, the 'New Deal' is more like an industry 'rite of passage'." In this regard, some industry insiders also pointed out that, on the one hand, the New Deal solves the problem of photovoltaic power generation and grid absorption and coordinated development, on the other hand, it also leaves room for the development of advanced technology, high-quality photovoltaic projects, and promotes the industry to further non-subsidy development.
It is worth mentioning that, as the world's largest photovoltaic market, The "forged" Chinese photovoltaic enterprises are also speeding up the introduction of green and low-carbon energy along the belt and Road. "Chinese pv is the lowest cost and most technologically advanced market in the world." Liu Hanyuan, chairman of the Board of Directors of Tongwei Group, said that in the development process along the "Belt and Road", many regions have a clear understanding of the developed country model of "pollution first, treatment later". The solar energy of photovoltaic utilization is theoretically inexhaustible, and the two sides have great potential for cooperation.
In addition, photovoltaic also plays a unique role in poverty alleviation and development. Zhang Yaobang, vice president of GCL New Energy, introduced that GCL is currently promoting the 3.0 version of photovoltaic poverty alleviation to help build beautiful villages. "In the past, poor households used to get subsidies for electricity. Now photovoltaic and agriculture are being combined in a three-dimensional and ecological cycle." Zhang yaobang said that the PV + industry in poor areas will not only help to promote employment of poor households, but also increase the effective way to create wealth for poor households. Through PV +, farmers' lives will be improved while the concept of green development will be rooted in rural areas.
In addition to photovoltaic, relatively clean natural gas in fossil energy is also accelerating the application in China, especially in the field of power generation. The 13th Five-Year Plan for the development of Natural Gas has been issued. It is proposed that the installed scale of natural gas power generation will reach more than 110 million kW by 2020, with an increase of more than 80% compared with 2016.
Although gas-fired power generation is far more expensive than coal-fired power generation, domestic enterprises have effectively explored through technological innovation. Earlier domestic gas power generation project in suzhou, the blue sky, chairman of shi-hong wang tells a reporter, gas basic 2 times that of coal-fired power generation costs, than coal-fired electricity price higher yuan or so, suzhou blue sky solution by conventional power generation, waste heat power generation, electric power plant heat and cold combined heat energy level 4 recycling to boost efficiency, while for suzhou industrial park, power supply, It also provides heat for enterprises in the park, achieving both economy and clean utilization.
Global LNG international trade is expected to reach $120 billion in 2018, up 15 percent from 2017, as China accelerates gas adoption, according to a previous forecast published by Bloomberg New Energy Finance.
It is worth noting that clean energy changes energy trade will also change China's energy mix. BP's previous energy outlook predicted that coal's share of China's energy consumption would fall from 62 percent to 36 percent by 2040, while renewables' share would rise sharply, possibly to 18 percent from 3 percent in 2016. "The reality is likely to be faster than this adjustment, and China's energy mix is likely to be divided between coal, oil and gas and cleaner non-fossil fuels."